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Characterization of peat
Freithová, Štěpánka ; Mikšík, František (referee) ; Kotlík, Josef (advisor)
Peatlands are considered to be valuable ecosystems on the Planet and play an important role in many processes globally likewise and in the landscape. They are important for maintaining a global biodiversity, play an important role in landscape hydrology and can be a source of drinking water. They can help minimize floods and contribute to climate change mitigation. The peat bogs are one of the largest terrestrial carbon reservoirs. They have been storing carbon for centuries. Many of peat functions are affected due to human activities. It can result into release of greenhouse gases into atmosphere and the excretion of organic carbon into watercourses. The subject of the thesis is understanding of the mechanisms of water binding in peat and exploring possible dependencies within the depth profile of the peatlands using thermal analytical methods, more preciously using thermogravimetry (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The stability of water molecule bridge (WaMB) was investigated. It was found out that the minimum temperature required for WaMB abatement decrease and the whole structure becomes less stable with increasing peat layer depth. Water release processes were evaluated with the meaning of the TGA measurements. A decreasing trend in the degradation of thermolabile substances and an increasing trend in thermostable substances within the peat profile were observed.
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Evapotranspiration of peat soils
Urbánková, Karolína ; Weiss, Tomáš (advisor) ; Šípek, Václav (referee)
The correct determination of evapotranspiration is critical for the calculation of the water balance. Although research on evapotranspiration in general is already quite advanced, peat soils are so specific that they may require their own unique approach. Hydrologists have a series of calculations and models to determine evapotranspiration, but these are not always sufficiently accurate, especially at higher temperatures. The aim of this thesis was to summarise the existing knowledge of evapotranspiration in peat soils and to determine whether the peat layer thickness has an effect on peat evaporation. The thesis presents a survey of methods for determining evapotranspiration that can be applied to peat soils. The laboratory experiment used a split container, one part of which contained peat and the other part had peat only in the top 7 cm, with quartz sand underneath. The two parts were joined at the bottom with gravel and thus permeable to water. The trend of water loss, soil water potential and soil moisture was monitored. Preliminary results show that peat strength has a clear effect on evaporation. Further research would, among other things, look for a specific height of the peat layer for which the underlying material would no longer have an effect. Key words: evapotranspiration, peat,...
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Společenstva korýšů a vířníků v přirozených a revitalizovaných rašeliništích
Pfeifer, Lukáš
The theoretical part of the diploma thesis evaluates the current state of peatlands in the Czech Republic. Peatland were affected by drainage and the subsequent drying due to the peat extraction. There is the effort to restore these localities to their natural character and to protect them at present. The practical part evaluates species composition of mi-crocrustaceans and rotifers of monitored natural and restored peatlands in the Ore Mountains and Šumava. A total of 39 taxa of rotifers and planktonic crustaceans was found. The impact of restoration on these communities was evaluated based on differ-ences in species composition.
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Zhodnocení stavu a struktury rašeliništního společenstva na lokalitě Malá louka
Keller, Lukáš
The aim of this thesis is focused on a research of a peat bog Malá louka located in Oderské vrchy in military district Libavá. There is a natural succesion on this peat bog, lasting decades, that resulted in a tree storey of all age levels. The dominating tree species is a common birch (Betula pendula). Goal of this thesis was to capture current state and structure of tree storey and peat bog and describe it from dendrometric values.
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UAV monitoring of montane peatbogs
Kevešová, Adriana ; Langhammer, Jakub (advisor) ; Lendzioch, Theodora (referee)
This thesis deals with UAV imagery analysis as used to monitor environmental settings, in this case a particularly sensitive ecosystem of a peatbog. The non-destructive aspect of UAV monitoring based on remote access to the studied area is crucial in this scenario. Introduction to the topic, examples of the employment of UAV technologies and the possibilities of their application in monitoring peatbogs are followed by examples of visual data analysis with the help of various software on the multispectral data acquired at peatbog Rokytka in the Šumava National Park. Key words: UAV, monitoring, peatbogs, remote sensing, multispectral imaging, classification
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Dářská rašeliniště nature trail - the use in primary science education
PÓLOVÁ, Monika
The Bachelor thesis deals with the possibilities of interconnecting the nature trail Velké Dářko with natural history lessons at elementary school. The theoretical part defines the educational goals of the Framework Educational Program of basic education in the area of human and nature. The practical part contains excursions - walking routes with activities that lead to the fulfilment of the above mentioned objectives.
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Predikace druhového složení těžeben na základě biotopového mapování okolní krajiny: využití charakteristických druhů vyšších rostlin
SLABA, Michal
The surrounding habitats play an important role in the spontaneous vegetation succession in disturbed sites. They serve as donor sites for species colonizing various post-mining sites from the close surrounding. This diploma thesis deals with the species composition in post-mining sites and the surrounding habitats up to the 1 km distance from the locality. The results indicate, that basalt quarries share the largest amount of species with their surrounding habitats. The studied methods have got limited capability to predict the species composition of post-mining sites using only the knowledge about habitat types occurred in the surrounding. On the other hand, species composition of the surrounding habitats, defined by a selection of the representative relevés of the Czech National Phytosociological Database (CNFD), seems to be more promising approach. It could provide more precise results applied in ecological restoration of post-mining sites in the Czech Republic.
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Houby vřesovišť CHKO Brdy
SYNKOVÁ, Hedvika
The aim of this thesis was to assess the impact of controlled fire on fungal community in heathlands in CHKO Brdy and describe their changes during succession. Fungal fruitbodies were monitored during years 2018 and 2019 at twenty-five monitoring plots at Jordán, Tok and Brda. The relationship between fungal species richness and the time since the last fire and soil humidity was determined. The effect of the time since the last fire, soil humidity and vegetation on fungal species composition was analysed using multivariate ordination methods. The quality of studied habitat was evaluated based on the presence of red-listed and indicator fungal species.
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